- change - Mailing Lists

Fahad Pervaiz on detecting dengue outbreaks.
by Nicola Dell 11 Feb '13

11 Feb '13

This Tuesday at Change, Fahad Pervaiz will present his work on Punjab-IDSS ( http://punjab-idss.org) an intelligent disease surveillance system that leverages health hotlines and an active mobile health-workforce for disease spread tracking, early prediction and containment of dengue-related epidemics in Punjab, Pakistan. In response to the 2011 dengue outbreak, the Punjab government started a dengue health hotline that enables mobile users to report dengue-like symptoms, larvae accumulation and obtain valuable feedback on preventive measures. A total of 117,470 complaints have been recorded in the system till date. The Punjab-IDSS system leverages the health hotline information combined with Internet-based news monitoring tools to provide accurate, real-time dengue epidemic detection at a fine-grained location granularity within a city. To achieve this goal, the system uses a combination of several sophisticated statistical learning algorithms combined with locality-specific dengue propagation models. Our system is also connected to the Dengue Patient Reporting Systems used by major hospitals in Lahore to report suspected and confirmed cases of dengue. Another component of the Punjab-IDSS system is an disease activity tracking system where a team of 1500 mobile healthworkers with android phones conduct state-wide disease control activities. For dengue cases detected from the health hotlines, the workers can be mobilized for implementing focused dengue containment strategies. The health workers use the android devices to gather verifiable proof of larvae accumulation in different localities. We are currently rigorously evaluating the effectiveness of our dengue containment strategies. Fahad Pervaiz is a Graduate Student Researcher who is working on technologies to make health systems better. He is currently involved in building systems that will improve health care in developing countries. He worked on dengue surveillance system of Punjab province of Pakistan. This is the primary system used by Government to track dengue in Punjab. This work was done in collaboration with Punjab IT Board (PITB) while he worked as a researcher in NEWT Lab, Lahore University of Management Sciences. He also analyzed data of water-born diseases, during 2010 Pakistan floods emergency, with Punjab Health Ministry to make a drop-in early warning system. He is currently a PhD student in Department of Computer Science & Engineering of University of Washington (UW). He is working with Richard Anderson on Cold Chain Equipment Management tools apart from his involvement in Punjab Government's effort to implement dengue surveillance system like technologies for other diseases. What: Fahad Pervaiz on detecting dengue outbreaks. When: Tuesday, February 12th at 12 noon. Where: The Allen Center, CSE 203.

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Josh Blumenstock talk
by Ed Lazowska 07 Feb '13

07 Feb '13

> > Good guy. UW colleague. Cookies. Now. > _______________________________________________

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Re: [change] Study and earn credits in Ghana - Summer 2013
by Chris Rothschild 07 Feb '13

07 Feb '13

Hi folks, Just a friendly reminder that the application deadline for the Ghana Exploration Seminar this summer is March 1 (although we do appreciate applications completed before the deadline so that we can start scheduling interviews!). Do feel free to contact us if you have any questions. And if you'd like to see a bit about the experience of two students who participated in the program last summer, you can read this: http://www.hcde.washington.edu/news/duong-robancho-ghana2012 Thanks! Chris and Araba From: CR <chriskr(a)uw.edu<mailto:chriskr@uw.edu>> Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2013 12:34:11 -0800 To: <change(a)change.washington.edu<mailto:change@change.washington.edu>>, <dub(a)dub.washington.edu<mailto:dub@dub.washington.edu>> Subject: Study and earn credits in Ghana - Summer 2013 Happy New Year all, Below is the description of an Exploration Seminar Dr. Araba Sey and I will be directing in Ghana this summer. The seminar is about research, development, information, communication, and technology. Students receive 5 graduate or undergraduate credits. This will be the 3rd year we've offered the seminar and are looking forward to spending another great summer with more fantastic students in Ghana (a safe, exciting, and culturally-rich country). We hope to hold information sessions on this in the coming weeks. Until then, we are happy to answer any questions you have so please don't hesitate to email us! Dr. Araba Sey (arabasey(a)uw.edu<mailto:arabasey@uw.edu>) Chris Rothschild (chriskr(a)uw.edu<mailto:chriskr@uw.edu>) Applications are due March 1. Thanks! Chris ___________________ Chris Rothschild Research Analyst Technology & Social Change Group (TASCHA) University of Washington Information School chriskr(a)uw.edu<mailto:chriskr@uw.edu> _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ http://studyabroad.washington.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram… PROGRAM DESCRIPTION Access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) in Ghana ranges from no access in many rural areas to access comparable to some major US cities. What strategies do people with low incomes use to connect to others and get the information they need? How does this impact their lives? We can getanswers to these questions through research and direct experience. Whether you are interested in the uses and impacts of ICTs on the lives of people in developing countries or more generally in learning about how to do field research, this seminar is an opportunity to explore researched-based learning through immersion in the people and culture of Ghana. In this seminar students will examine how people in different types of communities (urban and rural) use ICTs in their daily activities and how they feel about the impacts on their well-being. In contrast to historical notions of development where outside agencies determine goals with little input from the target populations, we will focus on development from the perspective of low-income populations. Students can apply the experience to their individual areas of interest, whether they be information systems, health, education, or other fields. The program will provide instruction and practical experience on using field research methods to investigate the role of ICTs in the livelihoods of low and middle-income populations. If you are interested in ICTs, development, or just want to learn more about conducting field research, weencourage you to apply! APPLICATION DEADLINE: MARCH 1, 2013 To find out more about this seminar visit the program website<http://studyabroad.washington.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram…> (http://studyabroad.washington.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram…) If you have any questions about the program, feel free to email us: Dr. Araba Sey (arabasey(a)uw.edu<mailto:arabasey@uw.edu>) Chris Rothschild (chriskr(a)uw.edu<mailto:chriskr@uw.edu>)

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(Partially) 3D printed prosthetic hand
by Nathan Breit 06 Feb '13

06 Feb '13

Hey everyone, When I saw this article it made me think of Matt Rogge's recent talk, so I thought it would be a good link to send out to change. http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/futureoftech/5-year-old-gets-3-d-printed-… Regards, -Nathan

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Fwd: [Researchers] UW CSE Colloq / 2-7-13 / Blumenstock / UW Information School / Calling for help: Using terabyte-scale network data to make sense of the "mobile phone revolution" in Sub-Saharan Africa
by Ed Lazowska 06 Feb '13

06 Feb '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Connie Ivey-Pasche <connie(a)cs.washington.edu> Date: Wed, Feb 6, 2013 at 11:59 AM Subject: [Researchers] UW CSE Colloq / 2-7-13 / Blumenstock / UW Information School / Calling for help: Using terabyte-scale network data to make sense of the "mobile phone revolution" in Sub-Saharan Africa To: researchers(a)cs.washington.edu, cs-grads - Mailing List <cs-grads(a)cs.washington.edu>, wi-instructors(a)cs.washington.edu, visitors - Mailing List <visitors(a)cs.washington.edu>, cs-staff - Mailing List <cs-staff(a)cs.washington.edu> What's up for tomorrow's Colloquium - live and live broadcast only! UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON Computer Science and Engineering COLLOQUIUM SPEAKER: Joshua Blumenstock, UW Information School TITLE: Calling for help: Using terabyte-scale network data to make sense of the "mobile phone revolution" in Sub-Saharan Africa DATE: Thursday, February 7, 2013 TIME: 3:30pm PLACE: EEB-105 HOST: Gaetano Borriello ABSTRACT: NOTE: This talk will be live broadcast only - no taping for viewing on- demand or on UWTV. As mobile phones grow increasingly ubiquitous in developing countries, "Mobile Money" and other phone-based services are providing billions of individuals with novel opportunities for social and economic interaction. In this talk, I will discuss the results from a series of recent projects that use transaction logs from mobile phone operators to examine the role of mobile phones in the social and economic networks of developing countries. I will focus on a recent paper that uses data on billions of phone-based interactions to show that Rwandans use an early form of Mobile Money to send assistance to friends and family affected by severe shocks such as earthquakes and other natural disasters. Surprisingly, I find that the observed pattern of transfers between people better fits of a model of quid-pro-quo reciprocity, than a simple model of altruistic giving. Time permitting, I will relate this work to ongoing projects in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tanzania. Bio: Joshua Blumenstock is an Assistant Professor at the Information School at the University of Washington. His research focuses on the economic and social impacts of information and communication technologies, and the development of new methods for the quantitative analysis of very large data. Recent projects use terabyte-scale data on network communication to understand the adoption and diffusion of mobile technologies (Pakistan and Tanzania), the welfare implications of Mobile Money (Rwanda and Uganda), and the role of technological innovation in reducing corruption and violence (Afghanistan). Joshua has a Ph.D in Information Management and a M.A. in Economics from U.C. Berkeley, and Bachelor's degrees in Computer Science and Physics from Wesleyan University in Middletown, CT. Refreshments to be served in room prior to talk. *NOTE* This lecture will be broadcast live via the Internet, but it will NOT be available for on-demand viewing or viewing on UWTV. See http://www.cs.washington.edu/news/colloq.info.html for more information. Email: talk-info(a)cs.washington.edu Info: http://www.cs.washington.edu/ (206) 543-1695 The University of Washington is committed to providing access, equal opportunity and reasonable accomodation in its services, programs, activities, education and employment for individuals with disabilities. To request disability accommodation, contact the Disability Services Office at least ten days in advance of the event at: (206) 543-6450/V, (206) 543-6452/TTY, (206) 685-7264 (FAX), or email at dso(a)u.washington.edu. _______________________________________________ Researchers mailing list Researchers(a)cs.washington.edu https://mailman.cs.washington.edu/mailman/listinfo/researchers

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FW: [dub] Tomorrow: Guest Lecture by Hari Sundaram on Crowdsourcing Change
by Melody Clark 05 Feb '13

05 Feb '13

Thought some of you might be interested in this. From: dub-bounces(a)dub.washington.edu [mailto:dub-bounces@dub.washington.edu] On Behalf Of Anne E. Hilton Sent: Tuesday, February 05, 2013 2:11 PM To: 'hcde-community(a)uw.edu'; 'dub(a)dub.washington.edu' Subject: [dub] Tomorrow: Guest Lecture by Hari Sundaram on Crowdsourcing Change [Hari Sundaram]Please join the Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering (HCDE) for a guest lecture by Hari Sundaram, Associate Professor at Arizona State University. Title: Crowdsourcing Change: The Role of Computing in Tackling Major Societal Problems Speaker: Hari Sundaram, Associate Professor When: 3:15 PM, Wednesday, February 6, 2013 Where: Electrical Engineering Building (EEB), Room 303, University of Washington, Seattle campus Abstract: Many of the pressing challenges facing contemporary society concern sustainability and public health. For example, how can sustainable behaviors-such as reducing individual energy consumption-be encouraged? How can participation in activities that reduce overall healthcare costs-such as compliance with preventive care routines and leading healthy lifestyles-be supported? Common to these challenges is a fundamental question: how can we facilitate cooperative behavior adoption on a large scale? The conditions for self-governance found in small groups do not apply in large populations. As a result, the question of how cooperation can be facilitated in large populations remains unanswered and is the focus of my work. In this talk, I shall discuss the computational tools needed-analysis of social signals from networks and knowledge of human activity from physical sensors-to engender cooperation in heterogenous populations. I shall discuss in depth our work on discovering homogenous groups, and discuss in brief two data science challenges: network sampling, compressed sensing techniques to analyze large scale network changes. Central to our framework of cooperative behavior is the idea that individuals are resource constrained and these constraints affect how they participate in activities. I shall also present connections between information theory and networks: the social cooperative capacity of a group, and the design of signaling schemes for cooperation. About the Speaker: Hari Sundaram is an associate professor with the School of Arts Media and Engineering, as well with the School of Computing, Information and Decision Systems Engineering at Arizona State University. He received his PhD from the Department of Electrical Engineering at Columbia University in 2002. His research and teaching focus on using network analysis tools and sensors to understand and influence individual decision making. His research has won several best paper awards from the IEEE and the ACM. He also received the Eliahu I. Jury Award for best PhD dissertation in 2002 . He is an associate editor for ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications and IEEE Multimedia. For more information on Mr. Sundaram and his research, visithttp://ame2.asu.edu/faculty/hs

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Tech, telecom giants take sides as FCC proposes large public WiFi networks
by ashish makani 05 Feb '13

05 Feb '13

Hi Folks Came across this interesting story http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/tech-telecom-giants-take-… Excerpt: "The federal government wants to create super WiFi networks across the nation, so powerful and broad in reach that consumers could use them to make calls or surf the Internet without paying a cellphone bill every month. The proposal from the Federal Communications Commission has rattled the $178 billion wireless industry, which has launched a fierce lobbying effort to persuade policymakers to reconsider the idea, analysts say. That has been countered by an equally intense campaign from Google<http://washpost.bloomberg.com/marketnews/stockdetail/?symbol=GOOG> ,Microsoft<http://washpost.bloomberg.com/marketnews/stockdetail/?symbol=MSFT> and other tech giants who say a free-for-all WiFi service would spark an explosion of innovations and devices that would benefit most Americans, especially the poor." This proposal is in the US, but would be interesting to see, if developing countries with big user bases, could also use large scale public wi-fi n/ws instead of/in addition to, mobile telephony n/ws. Also, what about the relative costs of building a large scale public wifi n/w as opposed to a mobile telephony n/w, in a world where increasingly data dominates voice. cheers ashish

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Rohit Chaudhri on the Human Milkbank Project.
by Nicola Dell 04 Feb '13

04 Feb '13

It is estimated that in resource-poor areas of the world, 3.3 million neonatal deaths occur within the first four weeks of life every year. According to the Lancet Child Survival Series, 13% of deaths of children under the age of five could be prevented by breastfeeding alone. Availability of breast milk to vulnerable infants can be increased significantly by establishing human milk banks. However, providing safe breast milk to infants in developing regions continues to be a challenge. Commercial-grade pasteurizers are too expensive and beyond the reach of most organizations. Affordable, low-tech pasteurization methods lack the appropriate quality control mechanisms, which prevents implementation at a large-scale. In this project we have leveraged mobile and sensing technologies to create an alternate system to safely pasteurize human breast milk. The system, called FoneAstra, enables low-level sensors like temperature probes, to be connected to mobile phones. It ensures that milk is pasteurized correctly by providing appropriate audiovisual feedback to guide users performing the procedure. At the end of the procedure, users are able to print a pasteurization report and labels for pasteurized milk bottles using a Bluetooth-enabled printer. The system automatically uploads temperature curves of procedures to a server, which enables supervisors to remotely monitor facilities where procedures are performed. The first trial of the system started in Durban, South Africa, in May 2012. We have deployed it at two locations. First, it is being used to perform routine pasteurizations at a milk bank located in the neonate ward of a district-level hospital. Second, our in-country partners in the pediatrics department of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, are using it to validate the efficacy of the system by doing microbial activity tests on pre- and post-pasteurized milk samples. The results received so far have been encouraging – while pre-pasteurized milk samples showed microbial activity, none of the post-pasteurized samples showed any microbial activity. The system will be installed at two new milk banks in Durban in the coming months. Our in-country partners are also promoting the system with the South African Dept. of Health, who are in the process of scaling up milk banking across the country, and are looking for alternate, affordable methods to safely pasteurize human breast milk. Rohit Chaudhri is a PhD student in the Change group at the University of Washington. What: Rohit Chaudhri on the Human Milkbank Project. When: Tuesday, February 5th at 12 noon. Where: The Allen Center, CSE 203

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Reminder: Information session on Ghana Exploration Seminar - today!
by Melody Clark 04 Feb '13

04 Feb '13

Hello! Just a friendly reminder that we will be hosting an information session today, Monday, February 4th from 1:30-2:30pm about the Exploration Seminar in Ghana that will take place this coming summer. The seminar focuses on research, development, communication, and technology (more information below). The seminar is 4-weeks long and students can receive graduate or undergraduate credits. (more details below) Information session time and location Monday, February 4, 1:30-2:30pm, Mary Gates Hall 258 If you are unable to attend in person, the information sessions will be available via Adobe Connect here: http://connect.washington.edu/ischool-tascha/. Please enter the room as a guest. If you have any questions about the program, feel free to email us: Araba Sey (arabasey(a)uw.edu<mailto:arabasey@uw.edu>) Chris Rothschild (chriskr(a)uw.edu<mailto:chriskr@uw.edu>) Thank you! ________________________________ Hello! On January 29 and February 4, we will be holding information sessions for an Exploration Seminar in Ghana that will take place this coming summer. The seminar focuses on research, development, communication, and technology (more information below). The seminar is 4-weeks long and students can receive graduate or undergraduate credits. At the information sessions, we will discuss the program, expectations, life in Ghana (food, safety, transportation, etc.), and any other questions you have about the program. Information session times and locations Monday, February 4, 1:30-2:30pm, Mary Gates Hall 258 Please come with your questions and concerns. If you cannot make it to either session but still have questions, please feel free to contact us. Thanks! araba _______________________________________________________________ http://studyabroad.washington.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram… PROGRAM DESCRIPTION Access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) in Ghana ranges from no access in many rural areas to access comparable to some major US cities. What strategies do people with low incomes use to connect to others and get the information they need? How does this impact their lives? We can get answers to these questions through research and direct experience. Whether you are interested in the uses and impacts of ICTs on the lives of people in developing countries, or more generally in information and communication in another country or learning about how to do field research, this seminar is an opportunity to explore researched-based learning through immersion in the people and culture of Ghana. In this seminar students will examine how people in different types of communities (urban and rural) use ICTs in their daily activities and how they feel about the impacts on their well-being. In contrast to historical notions of development where outside agencies determine goals with little input from the target populations, we will focus on development from the perspective of low-income populations. Students can apply the experience to their individual areas of interest, whether they be information systems, health, education, or other fields. The program will provide instruction and practical experience on using field research methods to investigate the role of ICTs in the livelihoods of low and middle-income populations. If you are interested in ICTs, development, or just want to learn more about conducting field research, we encourage you to apply! APPLICATION DEADLINE: MARCH 1, 2013 To find out more about this seminar visit the program website<http://studyabroad.washington.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram…> (http://studyabroad.washington.edu/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.ViewProgram…) If you have any questions about the program, feel free to email us: Araba Sey (arabasey(a)uw.edu<mailto:arabasey@uw.edu>) Chris Rothschild (chriskr(a)uw.edu<mailto:chriskr@uw.edu>) -- Melody Clark Technology & Social Change (TASCHA) melclark(a)uw.edu<mailto:melclark@uw.edu> | 206.685.7819 Twitter: @taschagroup<https://twitter.com/taschagroup> | @ictimpact<http://twitter.com/#!/ICTimpact> | @melodyrclark<https://twitter.com/#!/melodyrclark> tascha.uw.edu<http://tascha.uw.edu/>

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Fwd: [Mbabull] Interested in Business and Global Health? GO Health Fellowships now available!
by Yaw Anokwa 02 Feb '13

02 Feb '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Fri, Feb 1, 2013 at 3:00 PM Subject: Fwd: [Mbabull] Interested in Business and Global Health? GO Health Fellowships now available! To: Yaw Anokwa <yanokwa(a)gmail.com> Yaw, thought this might be up the alley of UW Change folks... ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: MICHAEL A. RUFFO <mruffo1(a)uw.edu> Date: Fri, Feb 1, 2013 at 2:30 PM Subject: [Mbabull] Interested in Business and Global Health? GO Health Fellowships now available! To: "mbabull(a)u.washington.edu" <mbabull(a)u.washington.edu> Dear Bull, **** This is an excellent opportunity to fund a project that explores the intersection between business and global health. **** ** ** Applications for the GO Health Fellowship are now available! See below for information about the process. The fellowship application is also attached. **** The deadline is no later than *midnight on Wednesday, March 13, 2013*. **** ** ** --**** The purpose of the *GO Health Fellowship* is to provide financial assistance to a graduate student, professional student, or medical resident at the University of Washington so that they may gain valuable international fieldwork experience in global health. The funds have been generously provided by donors committed to the education of global health professionals from diverse disciplinary backgrounds.**** ** ** The Fellowship of *up to $4,000 (USD)* can be used to support travel costs, including room and board, travel health preparation, travel insurance and/or supplies for a particular global health project. The GO Health Fellowship *cannot be* used to cover tuition costs, school supplies, conference attendance or other non-project related expenses. Funds can be used for experiences taking place anytime from summer quarter 2013 up to, and including spring quarter 2014.**** * * *Applicants will be selected based on the following considerations:* **a) **the strength of the project or experience proposal, **** **b) **the applicant’s record of academic excellence, **** **c) **evidence of promise and commitment to a career in global health, and **** **d) **demonstrated financial need. **** ** ** Fellowship recipients must meet all program deadlines and program requirements, including attendance at a pre-departure orientation. If a student is awarded and accepts the Fellowship, they must immediately withdraw their applications to other UW fellowship or funded programs.**** ** ** Complete applications are due to Daren Wade, Director, Global Health Resource Center at the University of Washington, dwade(a)uw.edu by *midnight, Wednesday, March 13, 2013.***** ** ** *Eligibility criteria:* **1) **Graduate students or professional trainees enrolled in a full-time University of Washington degree program**** **2) **Medical residents enrolled in a University of Washington residency program**** **3) **Good academic standing**** **4) **Demonstrated financial need (details in application process instructions)**** **5) **Not currently receiving another award or fellowship for the same time period or for the same program or fieldwork experience**** **6) **Participation in a global health-related program or fieldwork experience in an international, resource limited setting relevant to the student’s/trainee’s career goals**** **7) **Minimum duration of six weeks abroad**** **8) **The project or experience must be at a UW-affiliated international entity (eg. NGO, university, Ministry of Health or other research institution, etc.)**** *Application Process: * *By February 15, 2013 submit a one page Letter of Intent *that includes the following elements: a) Your name; b) degree program or residency program; c) country in which you’d conduct your project or experience; d) approximate dates of travel; and e) area of focus in global health for your project or experience (examples: “Maternal and Child Health”, “Clinical Medicine”, “Human Rights”, “Nutrition”, “Water and Sanitation”). This letter of intent is NOT required but is strongly encouraged because it helps us to assemble a highly qualified panel of experts to review your application. **** Send to dwade(a)uw.edu with subject line: Letter of Intent: Go Health 2013.*** * By *March 13, 2013*: submit the following three items:**** **1) ***Completed GO Health Fellowship application* (sections A-E)**** **A) **Demographic information: Name, student ID #, address, phone, email, school, degree/residency program, year in program, relevant experience.**** **B) **Project/Experience proposal: (1-2 pages, double space, 12pt font)* *** Outline of activity for project/experience, including identification of the site, partner, host faculty, and UW mentor faculty involved**** **· **Description of project/experience’s relation to career goals and future plans**** **C) **Proposed budget: list expenses for travel, travel health, insurance, housing, food, and project costs.**** **D) **Letter of support from UW faculty mentor for project/experience outlining relationship and applicant’s promise and commitment to a career in global health**** **E) **Signed statement of support from international host site supervisor or mentor for project or experience**** ***2) ****Copy of unofficial UW transcript or, if you are a medical resident, a letter of good standing from your residency office.* ***3) ****Demonstration of financial need: * **a. ***U.S. students *at the University of Washington If you haven’t done so you will need to complete the online Free Application for Federal Student Aid for the 2012-2013 school year: http://www.fafsa.ed.gov/**** **b. ***International students *at the University of Washington should contact Daren Wade, dwade(a)uw.edu in order to complete a form from the Office of Student Financial Aid by the application deadline.**** **c. ***Medical residents: *Submit a statement of need (1 page or less) that includes the amount of your monthly resident stipend and detailed financial information documenting your financial need.**** ** ** A faculty committee will review your application and select candidates for interviews that will take place in early to mid-April. Candidates will be informed of the committee’s decision, shortly thereafter. If you are selected and accept the fellowship offer, you *must* attend the *required pre-departure orientation* on *May 4, 2013*.**** ** ** ** ** ** ** Michael A. Ruffo Program Manager**** Global Center for Integrated Health of Women, Adolescents, and Children**** Box 359909**** 325 Ninth Avenue**** Seattle, WA 98104**** Phone: (206)685-9659**** Email:mruffo1@uw.edu**** ** ** ** ** _______________________________________________ mbabull mailing list mbabull(a)u.washington.edu http://mailman2.u.washington.edu/mailman/listinfo/mbabull

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