Revised, now with Ihsan's schedule and abstract. ---- With NSDI being local, we have a number of talks queued up this week, and most of the visitors will have time after/before to meet with us. Please sign up! Note that several of the talks have non-standard start times. Abstracts collected below. Wednesday, CSE 305, 1:30pm Vijay Chidambaram, UT Austin PebblesDB: Building Key-Value Stores Using Fragmented Log-Structured Merge Trees https://reserve.cs.washington.edu/visitor/week.php?year=2018 &month=04&day=11&room=3050&area=5 Thursday, CSE 305, 11am Mothy Roscoe, ETH Zurich Enzian: Research Computer https://reserve.cs.washington.edu/visitor/week.php?year=2018 &month=4&day=8&area=5&room=3080 Thursday, CSE 305, 12pm Ihsan Qazi, LUMS Understanding Internet Access in the Developing World https://reserve.cs.washington.edu/visitor/week.php?year=2018 &month=04&day=12&area=5&room=3113 Friday, CSE 305, 12:00pm Keith Winstein, Stanford Tiny Functions for Codecs, Compilation, and (maybe) Everything https://reserve.cs.washington.edu/visitor/week.php?year=2018 &month=4&day=8&area=5&room=3103 ---- PebblesDB: Building Key-Value Stores Using Fragmented Log-Structured Merge Trees Key-value stores such as LevelDB and RocksDB have become a fundamental part of the systems infrastructure. However, these stores suffer from high write amplification: for example, 45 GB of data written to RocksDB results in 1.8 TB (28x) written to storage. In this talk, I show that the write amplification problem is fundamental to the Log-Structured Merge Trees data structure that underlies these stores. I present a novel data structure that is inspired by Skip Lists, termed Fragmented Log-Structured Merge Trees (FLSM). FLSM introduces the notion of guards to organize logs, and avoids rewriting data in the same level. I will describe PebblesDB, a new key-value store that we built by modifying HyperLevelDB to use the FLSM data structure. I will briefly present our evaluation which shows that PebblesDB increases write throughput by 6.7x (compared to RocksDB and LevelDB) while simultaneously reducing write amplification by 2.4-3x. PebblesDB is open-source (https://github.com/utsaslab/pebblesdb), and I hope to convince some of you to incorporate it into new systems you build :) Enzian: Research Computer Academic research in rack-scale and datacenter computing today is hamstrung by lack of hardware. Cloud providers and hardware vendors build custom accelerators, interconnects, and networks for commercially important workloads, but university researchers are stuck with commodity, off-the-shelf parts. Enzian is a research computer developed at ETH Zurich in collaboration with Cavium and Xilinx which addresses this problem. An Enzian board consists of a server-class ARMv8 SoC tightly coupled and coherent with a large FPGA (eliminating PCIe), with about 0.5 TB DDR4 and about 600 Gb/s of network I/O either to the CPU (over Ethernet) or directly to the FPGA (potentially over custom protocols). Enzian runs both Barrelfish and Linux operating systems. Many Enzian boards can be connected in a rack-scale machine (either with or without a discrete switch), and the design is intended to allow many different research use-cases: zero-overhead run-time verification of software invariants, novel interconnect protocols for remote memory access, hardware enforcement of access control in a large machine, high-performance streaming analytics using a combination of software and configurable hardware, and much more. By providing a powerful and flexible platform for computer systems research, Enzian aims to enable more relevant and far-reaching work on future compute platforms. Understanding Internet Access in the Developing World In this talk, I will present my recent research on Internet access in developing countries. In the first half of my talk, I will present a study on the characteristics of mobile devices in developing regions. Using a dataset of 0.5 million subscribers from one of the largest cellular operators in Pakistan, I will present an analysis of cell phones being used based on different features (e.g., CPU, memory, and cellular interface). Our analysis reveals potential device-level bottlenecks for Internet access, which can inform infrastructure design for improving mobile web performance. (This work appeared in ACM IMC 2016) Another accessibility challenge in developing countries is the rise in Internet censorship events, which can have a substantial impact on various stakeholders in the Internet ecosystem (e.g., users, content providers, ISPs, and advertisers). In the second half of my talk, I will discuss how Internet censorship poses an economic threat to online advertising, which plays an essential role in enabling the free Web by allowing publishers to monetize their services. Then I will describe a system we designed that enables relevant ads while retaining the effectiveness of censorship resistance tools (e.g., Tor). (This work appeared in ACM HotNets 2017) Tiny Functions for Codes, Compilation, and (maybe) Soon Everything Networks, applications, and media codecs frequently treat one another as strangers. By expressing large systems as compositions of small, pure functions, we've found it's possible to achieve tighter couplings between these components, improving performance without giving up modularity or the ability to debug. I'll discuss our experience with systems that demonstrate this basic idea: ExCamera (NSDI 2017) parallelizes video encoding into thousands of tiny tasks, each handling a fraction of a second of video, much shorter than the interval between key frames, and executing in parallel on AWS Lambda. This was the first system to demonstrate "burst-parallel" thousands-way computation on functions-as-a-service infrastructure. Salsify (NSDI 2018) is a low-latency network video system that uses a purely functional video codec to explore execution paths of the encoder without committing to them, allowing it to closely match the capacity estimates from a video-aware transport protocol. This architecture outperforms more loosely-coupled applications -- Skype, Facetime, Hangouts, WebRTC -- in delay and visual quality, and suggests that while improvements in video codecs may have reached the point of diminishing returns, video systems still have low-hanging fruit. Lepton (NSDI 2017) uses a purely functional JPEG/VP8 transcoder to compress images in parallel across a distributed network filesystem with arbitrary block boundaries. This free-software system is in production at Dropbox and has compressed, by 23%, more than 200 petabytes of user JPEGs. Based on our experience, we propose an intermediate representation for interactive lambda computing, called cloud "thunks" -- stateless closures that describe their data-dependencies by content-hash, separating the specification of an algorithm from its schedule and execution. We have created a tool that extracts this IR from off-the-shelf software build systems, letting the user treat a FaaS service like a 5,000-core build farm with global memoization of results. Expressing systems and protocols as compositions of small, pure functions has the potential to lead to a wave of "general-purpose" lambda computing, permitting us to transform everyday time-consuming operations into large numbers of functions executing with massive parallelism for short durations in the cloud.